Perancangan Sistem Penguncian Otomatis Berbasis PIR (Passive Infrared Receiver) untuk Keamanan Ruang Penyimpanan Perkakas

Abstract

Tool storage rooms are highly vulnerable to theft outside of working hours due to minimal supervision and reliance on manual locking systems. This research aims to design and develop an active security system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) to detect suspicious activities, automatically lock the door, and provide warnings through a dual alarm system and Telegram application notifications. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller, connected via the ESP-NOW wireless communication protocol, linking the unit in the storage room with the security guard post. The primary hardware components include an HC-SR501 PIR sensor for motion detection, a 12V solenoid door lock for automatic locking, an MC-38 magnetic door switch to monitor the door's status, and a DS3231 RTC module to automatically activate the system outside working hours (17:00–06:00). Based on the integrated testing results, all components functioned properly and seamlessly according to the design. When the PIR sensor detected movement, the system successfully triggered the relay to lock the door and sound the alarm in the storage room with a response time ranging from 3.0 to 3.8 seconds. Furthermore, the warning notification messages were successfully delivered to Telegram within 4.0 to 4.7 seconds. The ESP-NOW communication testing revealed that data transmission was highly optimal at a distance of 10 to 50 meters; however, signal transmission to the security post experienced failure at a distance of 60 meters. Overall, the designed security system proved to be responsive, active, and effective as a preventive security solution for tool storage rooms.